Can Formal Learning Certify All Learning Outcomes?

Abstract

Non-formal and informal learning is generally thought to measure skills and talents in non-documented areas. It can be assumed that many areas that are documented by validation are outside this area, as it is believed that the achievements gained during the process of a diploma program are certified with this diploma.

This essay examines validation practices with the example of Turkiye and discusses whether formal learning can certify all learning outcomes and whether Assessment of Prior Learning is specific to non-formal and informal learning only.